İngilizce Test (154 Soru)

**Başak** · 11.07.08, 12:10

81-The element lithium was discovered in 1817. Since then it has been used as a cure for gout, epilepsy, diabetes, and, most recently, to relieve depression. However, there is a drawback. ………… . The poison builds up in the body until it causes impaired vision and speech, vomiting and nausea. Coma and death can follow.

A)It is the lightest solid element of them all
B)It has been classified as an' illegal drug
C)A slight overdose is enough to cause problems
D)Temporary side effects have been known to occur
E)This should not prevent 1ts~careful use

82-Rockets have a long history. …………. . However, the missile age recently began during World War II, when German scientists developed flying bombs which almost won the war for their country. Their development of the V-1 and V-2 rockets, the most terrible weapons known until that time, became the basis for much of the subsequent rocket research.

A)As early as the 13th century the Chinese used them as military weapons
B)Rockets will be able to take man to a variety of planets in the future
C) During the First World War, none of the armies had the use of rockets
D)They are used today to power extremely fast experimental land vehicles
E)NASA's space shuttles use them to take off, but return to the Earth without them

83-Twenty years ago, senior managers might have been protected from unimportant memos by their juniors. …………..most managing directors have e-mail on their desktops, voice mail on their phones, business briefings on their computer screens and pagers on their belts, they are as open to overload as anyone.

A)Since the onset of the technological revolution, this has no longer been the case
B)Their secretaries open their mail and put it into their in-trays
C)Nowadays, the office memo is more vital than ever
D)Firms are trying to improve the situation by issuing guidelines
E)This meant they did not receive large amounts of vital information

84-Stonehenge is the most important ancient ruin in the British Isles, situated on Salisbury Plain, not far from the town of Salisbury. The monument is made up of two large circles of huge stones, in the centre of which are tall columns and a l5-foot blue stone block. Its origins are unknown……….. However, no scientific data have been advanced to support this theory.

A)Historians have always been interested in this mysterious ruin
B)It is known that the stone was brought to Salisbury from Wales
C)There are a lot of myths about the possible origins of the structure
D)Legend tells us that it was used for sun-worship by the Druids
E)Stonehenge was given to the nation by Sir Cecil Chubb in 1918

85-Judo is based on the ancient Japanese techniques known as ju-jitsu. It is practised in many countries, and since 1964 has been an event of the Olympic Games, ………… . In the former, each contestant pits his strength against the other. In judo, the art is to let one's adversary do all the work, using his strength, mistakenly applied, to bring about his own defeat.
A)A black belt indicates attainment of the highest level of skill
B)The Japanese are still the most skilful practitioners of judo
C)The summer Olympic Games are held every leap year
D)Not only men, but also women and children are increasingly interested in judo
E)Though they look similar, it is important to distinguish between wrestling and judo

86-…………… . This is attained by freeing oneself from all desires. It is the goal of Buddhist religious exercises and disciplines and is seen to be complete happiness, free from pain and suffering and from the restlessness and heat of emotions. The complete attainment of Nirvana is supposed to free the individual from the chain of reincarnation.

A)Most religions require great discipline from their followers
B)The history of Tibetan Buddhism can be divided into three periods
C)Buddhism is unique among religions in a number of ways
D)Complete happiness is the aim of many religions
E)For Buddhists, Nirvana represents perfect peace

87-CPR is the modern term for artificial respiration. It is only required when the victim has suffered a loss of breathing or heartbeat. The first step in determining whether breathing and heartbeat have stopped is to go to the victim and shout, 'Are you okay?' …………. . Still, the person who doesn't reply may only have fainted, so, as the second step. you should continue by listening for breathing to make sure whether CPR is necessary.

A)Lastly check the persons pulse rate
B) Place the victim on a hard, flat surface in order to administer CPR
C)C9ntinue to administer CPR until a doctor can take over from you
D)If you get an answer to this, then obviously, the person is not in need of CPR
E)If there is no reply, CPR is required and should be administered immediately

88-The Ice Age is our 'most recent' geological period, beginning about 2 million years ago and lasting until about 10 or 20 thousand years ago. During this time, great continental glaciers formed in North America and
Northern Europe. ………… . In fact, the ice advanced and retreated at least four times, alternating with mild intervals.

A)Many mammals became extinct in this era
B)However, the climate was not uniformly cold
C)No explanation has been generally accepted
D)It is also known as the Pleistocene period
E)Manhattan Island was a rock moved by glaciers

89-Recently there has been a revolution in the attitude of blue-marlin fishermen. Put simply, blue-marlin fishing is no longer a blood sport. ………., because they don't kill the fish any more. It is enough for them just to tag a marlin: reeling it close, marking it and putting it back into the water, in order to fight another day.

A) Earnest Hemingway was extremely fond of blue-marlin fishing
B) Fishermen rarely seek an obligatory photo beside their dead fish hooked up over the dock
C) Only the rich indulge in blue-marlin fishing because of the time and expense involved
D) In Britain, blood sports attract almost as many protectors as hunters
E) Some people say that an instinct for hunting has been handed down to us by our ancestors.

90-In rural Albania, it can be easier to find heavy artillery than to find a telephone. Therefore, when a quick-thinking villager needed to call the police to the scene of an accident, he used what was handy. ……….The police appreciated his idea enough not to arrest him. They did, however, take away the gun.

A)This points out just how convenient It can be to have a mobile telephone
B)It was lucky that there happened to be a telephone nearby
C)There is a great deal of weaponry left over from the days when Albania was invaded
D)This happened to be his very own anti-aircraft gun
E)There are not very many police, either, in rural Albania

91-Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, the youngest child of the author Nathaniel Hawthorne, also began a literary career, publishing several works. …………… . Under her leadership, two homes for sufferers of incurable cancer were opened in New York.

A)She wrote 'A Story of Courage' with her husband in 1894
B)Rose spent an enjoyable childhood with all the pleasures of refined surroundings
C)She married George P. Lathrop in 1871
D)Her father wrote the renowned novel, 'The Scarlet Letter'
E)But later, she became a nun, devoting her life to caring for the terminally ill
92-In recent years, there has been an advance in the technique known as transplant surgery. This means the replacement of a diseased or damaged part of the body by a healthy one from another person. ………… . This is because our bodies' natural defence against any invader, as with a transplanted organ, is to attempt to destroy it.
A) People can now carry "organ donor" cards, giving permission for their organs to be used after their death
B)The biggest stumbling block in this area of medicine, however, has been the body itself
C)There are even transplants from certain animals to humans
D)Occasionally, there are moving stories of parents who donate their organs to their dying children
E)Only a few years ago, no one would have believed this possible

93-Margarine was introduced into the United States in 1874 and immediately aroused the opposition of the dairy industry. Taxes were imposed on the substance; in some states, yellow-coloured margarine could not be sold; and federal laws required, among other strict rules, that restaurants serving margarine post a conspicuous notice of that fact. ……………, and now Americans eat as much margarine as butter.
A)However, the consumption of margarine has grown
B)Later types of margarine used animal fats and vegetable oils
C)Laws vary from state to state, but serious crimes are referred to as federal crimes
D)Whale oil was used originally for lamp fuel and later as an ingredient of other products
E)However rapid societal changes created a demand for fast food restaurants

94-Medgar Evers was the first field secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People in the state of Mississippi. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he registered black voters and organised boycotts of firms that practised racial discrimination. ………….. . A white supremacist, Byron De la Beckwith was tried three times for the murder. The first two trials ended in a mistrial but he was finally convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1994.
A)In 1963, he was shot and killed by a sniper in front of his home
B)Of the total population of Mississippi, thirty-five percent is black
C)In that same year, more than 200,000 blacks and whites marched to the Lincoln Memorial
D)Racial segregation in South Africa is known as apartheid
E)Abraham Lincoln effectively freed all slaves in the Emancipation Proclamation

95-It is a windy, clear afternoon on the Gulf of Mexico, 70 miles out from the Texas coast. The water is dull, grey and choppy. The crew are dozing over plates of half eaten mangoes. Suddenly a road bends………… . The fight is on. After 30 minutes of physical to and fro, the sailfish kicks hard and snaps the line. A cheer goes up as big game fishing is not about who wins, but about the fight.
A)Mangoes are a delicious tropical fruit, especially good when eaten on a boat
B)Two members of the crew begin to quarrel over the mangoes
C)A big sailfish punches out of the water, spreads its blue sail fin and shoots back under the water
D)One of the fastest fishes is the sailfish, which can swim at speeds of up to 68 miles per hour
E)Not surprisingly, they all hate sharks and are eager to kill this one

96-Millions of years ago, there was no life on this planet. ……….. . It was just a ball of flaming gases. These gases were in a state of considerable chemical turmoil, reacting together to form and reform chemicals. As time passed the gases cooled, became liquid, and eventually a thin crust was formed over the surface. Beneath this crust, the centre of the Earth was, and remains today, a molten mass of rocks and metals with a solid core.
A)In fact, there was no planet as we would recognise it today
B)Even after life appeared, it was a long time until humans first evolved
C)The first life forms appeared in water
D)There may have been one more planet at the time, which has now become the asteroid belt
E)Even now no one knows if there is life on other planets

97-A super liner like the Queen Elizabeth II, or QE2 for short, contains all the elements of a floating town with a population of about 3000. The QE2 can take 2025 passengers, and has a crew of 906, who maintain the ship and look after the passengers. There are restaurants, a theatre, cinema, and four swimming pools. ……….. . All this is driven by engines producing 110.000 horse power, giving her a top speed of 30 knots, nearly twice the speed of a super tanker.
A)For a time, super liners were thought to be outdated, but now they seem to be making a come-back
B)Passengers on the Queen Elisabeth II can visit a lot of ports all over the world
C)In addition, there is a hospital, a dentist's surgery and a printing plant for the ship's daily newspaper
D)Of Course some people prefer to travel by plane because it is faster and cheaper
E)Under international law, powered vessels of more than 300 gross tons must carry licensed officers

98-Serendib, as the early Arab seamen called the island we know today as Sri Lanka, may have been the land in one version of Sinbad's Seventh Voyage. In that story, Sinbad was captured by pirates and sold into slavery to an ivory dealer. ……….. . Eventually the elephants showed Sinbad their secret graveyard, so he could obtain the ivory without killing them.
A)Slavery was common until this century and is still practised in some parts of the world today
B)Elephants are said to have amazing memories
C)The ivory trade has decimated the once vast herds of elephants in East Africa
D)The man forced Sinbad to go into the forest every day and kill an elephant for its tusks
E)Though Sinbad is usually described as a "sailor", it would be more correct to call him a "merchant adventurer"

99-………….. . Smokers who we trying to give up were split into two groups. One group was given acupuncture, specially designed to help them stop smoking. Of this group, 31% had given up smoking after three weeks, while none of the people in the second control group succeeded in giving up.
A)Many strange techniques are tried by people attempting to give up smoking
B)Smoking is one of the most serious addictions and is very hard to beat
C)Many doctors are now trying to help their patients to give up smoking
D)Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves the use of needles
E)New research has shown that acupuncture can help people stop smoking

100-Viruses are even smaller than bacteria, and are the simplest known forms of life. ………… . They live as parasites in bacteria, animals and some plants, Viruses invade the cells of their hosts and simply take them over. The DNA in the virus takes over the DNA in the host cell and changes the instructions so that the host produces more viruses. There are a large number of diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles and smallpox.
A)We use friendly bacteria to make yoghurt and cheese
B)They are not able to live by themselves
C)Some tulips have a virus infection in their petals which gives them an attractive colour
D)Antibacterial drugs are obtained from living organisms
E)Modern vaccines may contain bacteria or viruses which are dead, or still alive but weakened

101-Born in St Lucia in 1930, Derek Walcott and his twin brother Roderick were brought up by their mother, a schoolteacher, …………….. . Derek attended school in Jamaica and studied theatre in New York, then returned to the Caribbean to found and direct the Trinidad Theatre Workshop in 1959. In addition to having published 18 volumes of poetry, he wrote 40 plays and several screenplays. In 1992, he won the Nobel prise for literature.
A)so almost all literature has been produced by descendants of people brought to the region as slaves
B)since the 1950s, a large number of people have emigrated from the Caribbean to Britain
C)however, the Caribbean is better-known for cricket than for literary figures
D)whereas sugar and rum are the main agricultural products of the region
E)because their father, an amateur poet and painter, died when they were a year old

102-………….. . It was designed and built during World War II to break the complex code used between the German High Command and front-line forces. The first model was demonstrated at Blectcley Park, the British forces intelligence centre, in December 1943, with a faster version in operation by June1944, days before D Day. Historians believe that the code-breaking made possible by Colossus shortened the war by two years.
A)The tank has become one of the most formidable weapons of ground warfare
B)The Spitfire is probably the most famous plane of the Second World War
C)The first electronic programmable computer was called Colossus
D)The code-breaking work carried out at Bletchley Park has become a British legend
E)The “Goon Show" was one of the most popular radio comedy shows of post-war Britain

103-As a book collector, you should limit your interest to certain genres, themes or nationalities of authors. For example, science fiction, Russian literature, cinema books or books on World War I. ………… . Subsequent editions, on the other hand, generally have little value, and editions issued by book clubs are worthless.
A)Choose the first topic that comes into your mind
B)Normally, the most valuable books are first editions
C)Perhaps science fiction books are the most valuable
D)Books need protection from humidity and dryness
E)Modern books can be found almost everywhere now

104-Climatologists predict that a doubling of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere will occur over the next l00years. ………. . This is an average rate much higher than at any time in the last 10,000 years.

A)Likewise, a drop in the ability to handle the effects of these chemicals may occur
B)However, other scientists foresee a much greater increase in nitrous oxide
C)It might not produce any noticeable effect on the global environmental situation
D)The level of these gases could become a serious threat to all known forms of life
E)This would lead to a rise in the Earth's temperature between 1 and 3.5 degrees

105-The number of people who go to the cinema has declined since the great days of Hollywood in the 1930s and '40s. The most likely cause is the ever-growing population of television. ……….. . Perhaps this reviving interest is because the cinema today is truly international, with films being made and distributed all over the world, and reflecting many different interests and cultures.

A)There is new evidence to show that the cinema audience is gradually returning, though
B)The most famous producer of the time was Samuel Goldwin
C)Colour films were first made in the late 193Os, the most famous of which is undoubtedly "Gone with the Wind"
D)The stars of those days like Clark Gable and mien Leigh, still fascinate us decades later
E)Thus the largest film industry today is not in Hollywood, but in Bombay

106-One of the biggest factors affecting the pattern of trade has been the creation of the European Community and other similar groups of trading countries. These have been designed to make it easier and cheaper to move goods about within the group…………., which is a kind of tax that countries charge on goods coming into the country. This makes goods imported from outside the group more expensive than goods from within the group.
A)Many additional jobs were created when the European Community established its headquarters in Brussels
B)Another example is ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
C)The main way this is done is by the member countries agreeing to a common external tariff
D)NATO is completely different because it is a purely military grouping
E)European Community citizens can move about freely between the member countries

107-Alien Ginsberg, who died in 1997 in New York, formed the Beat Generation of the 1950s along with William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. Ginsberg first captured public attention in 1956 with 'Howl', a long poem that raged against a conformist society. ………… . These non-conformist activities para1el his work, for which he drew his inspiration from yoga, Buddhism, Native American mysticism, and Torah, and U.S. poets like William Carlos Williams.
A)He was active in both the hippie and anti-war movements
B)Some people consider them to have been the forerunners of the hippies
C)It was the Vietnam. War that brought about the counter-cultural movement known as the hippies
D)Rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones all joined in the counter-culture movement
E)Burroughs and Kerouac were novelists

108-Captain Matthew Webb swam the English Channel from Dover to Calais, ……….. . For 22 hours, he swam the high seas. Although he lived to tell about it, he was not so lucky eight years later, when he drowned trying to swim the Niagara River.
A)becoming the first person to do so without a life Jacket
B)while sitting aboard a 75-foot French-made yacht
C)unfortunately, he had a fatal accident on the return trip to Calais
D)and managed to accomplish this in less than half a day
E)eight years before a similar achievement on the Niagara River

109-Luigi Galvani was an Italian physiologist who investigated the relationship between electrical currents and animal tissue. ........, and so is the galvanometer, an instrument which is used to detect and measure electrical currents.
A)He invented the first practical electrical switches
B)The verb “galvanize" is derived from his name
C)He was arrested for animal cruelty in 1798
D)He learnt how electricity is related to nerves
E)The Catholic Church condemned Galvani's activities

110-........ . Very occasionally it can get completely out of control, as it did in Germany in the 192Os, when people had to take baskets ¤¤¤¤ of notes to buy a loaf of bread. In China in the 1930s, people eating in restaurants always paid before they ate, in case the price of the meal rose as they were eating. Today, no place in the world is quite that bad, but inflation can be a serious problem for people on fixed incomes, like those living on a pension.

A)A police state is one in which democracy does not exist and people have few or no personal freedoms
B)"Deflation", the opposite of inflation, refers to a fall in prices, but is a very unusual situation
C)There are several examples in history of completely militarised societies
D)A situation where prices keep rising is called "inflation"
E)Money has no value in itself; it is only valuable as a medium of exchange

111-People once thought that the Earth was flat and that you could fall off the edge. Most of us now think of the planet as a sphere, although it is more accurately described as an "oblate spheroid", being flattened at the poles and bulging at the Equator. …………. . On the other hand, unlike an onion, each layer of the Earth is made of a different material.

A)Though this flattening and bulging can be measured. it cannot be seen from a spacecraft
B)It is quite useful to think of the Earth, as being rather like an onion, that is, a ball made of different layers
C)The Earth is sometimes compared to an onion, but onions tend to be pointed rather than flattened at the "poles"
D)A lemon, for example, is just the opposite shape from that of the Earth
E)If you were to slice the Earth down the middle, it would not, in fact, look anything like an onion

112-When there are too many predators, not enough resources and a great deal of competition, an animal population dies .............. . This can be just as bad. Such a population explosion happened when the brown tree snake arrived on Guam in the cargo of a military plane 50 years ago. The ecosystem was not ready for the reptilian assault, and the snake had no natural competitors or enemies there. As a result, virtually every songbird on Guam has been eaten by the snakes.

A)A number of species have become extinct within living memory
B)But when the opposite occurs, the population explodes
C)No one likes to see an animal population die out
D)Mankind can help protect endangered species
E)This sort of pattern is often found in small environments like islands

113-Once upon a time in Britain, food was something you simply ate. Industrialised early, Britain became a country of cities and factories well before the continent, and Britons got used to eating from tins. In the 40s and 50s, 15 years of war rations solidified the tradition. Food was eaten, but it was not talked about. ……….. . Food has become a national obsession.
A)It will probably always be that way
B)We know from novels that the British ate more interesting things before the industrial age
C)Nevertheless, English cheeses are not as bad
D)Most people feel that the less said about English food, the better
E)However, now the British seem to talk about nothing else.

114-Niagara Falls, on the Canada-USA border, must be one of the most photographed spots in the world. ……… . The Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the border is much the larger of the two. As the name indicates, it is a large semicircle. The American Falls, slightly higher than the Horseshoe Falls, is almost in a straight line. Nineteen times as much water flows over the Canadian falls as over the American ones.
A)People have gone over Niagara Falls in a barrel as a stunt
B)One reason is that it is a favourite honeymoon spot
C)It is actually two separate waterfalls
D)The border between the US and Canada is said to be the longest unguarded border in the world
E)Some scientists are worried about the effects of erosion on the falls

115-A mineral can be regarded as a solid material with a fixed chemical composition and having elements that are similar throughout. This is how minerals differ from rocks. ……….. . Granite, for example, is made up mostly of three minerals - quartz, feldspar and mica. These three minerals, however, are not always present in the same quantities.
A)Minerals always have the same composition and structure, while rocks are usually made up of a mixture of minerals
B)It is particularly interesting to note that about half the Earth's crust is made up of oxygen
C)Except for agricultural products, most of our raw materials come from minerals found in rocks
D)One of the first things you might notice about a mineral is its colour, though this can be misleading
E)Analysing such bodies as meteorites, we find that the Earth is probably largely made up of iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium in that order

11.07.08, 12:10	#4 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili Başak Moderator Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Jan 2008 Mesajlar: 7.449 Konular: 6324 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:14360 Rep Gücü:167 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 53 719 Mesajına 1.316 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	İngilizce Test (154 Soru) 81-The element lithium was discovered in 1817. Since then it has been used as a cure for gout, epilepsy, diabetes, and, most recently, to relieve depression. However, there is a drawback. ………… . The poison builds up in the body until it causes impaired vision and speech, vomiting and nausea. Coma and death can follow. A)It is the lightest solid element of them all B)It has been classified as an' illegal drug C)A slight overdose is enough to cause problems D)Temporary side effects have been known to occur E)This should not prevent 1ts~careful use 82-Rockets have a long history. …………. . However, the missile age recently began during World War II, when German scientists developed flying bombs which almost won the war for their country. Their development of the V-1 and V-2 rockets, the most terrible weapons known until that time, became the basis for much of the subsequent rocket research. A)As early as the 13th century the Chinese used them as military weapons B)Rockets will be able to take man to a variety of planets in the future C) During the First World War, none of the armies had the use of rockets D)They are used today to power extremely fast experimental land vehicles E)NASA's space shuttles use them to take off, but return to the Earth without them 83-Twenty years ago, senior managers might have been protected from unimportant memos by their juniors. …………..most managing directors have e-mail on their desktops, voice mail on their phones, business briefings on their computer screens and pagers on their belts, they are as open to overload as anyone. A)Since the onset of the technological revolution, this has no longer been the case B)Their secretaries open their mail and put it into their in-trays C)Nowadays, the office memo is more vital than ever D)Firms are trying to improve the situation by issuing guidelines E)This meant they did not receive large amounts of vital information 84-Stonehenge is the most important ancient ruin in the British Isles, situated on Salisbury Plain, not far from the town of Salisbury. The monument is made up of two large circles of huge stones, in the centre of which are tall columns and a l5-foot blue stone block. Its origins are unknown……….. However, no scientific data have been advanced to support this theory. A)Historians have always been interested in this mysterious ruin B)It is known that the stone was brought to Salisbury from Wales C)There are a lot of myths about the possible origins of the structure D)Legend tells us that it was used for sun-worship by the Druids E)Stonehenge was given to the nation by Sir Cecil Chubb in 1918 85-Judo is based on the ancient Japanese techniques known as ju-jitsu. It is practised in many countries, and since 1964 has been an event of the Olympic Games, ………… . In the former, each contestant pits his strength against the other. In judo, the art is to let one's adversary do all the work, using his strength, mistakenly applied, to bring about his own defeat. A)A black belt indicates attainment of the highest level of skill B)The Japanese are still the most skilful practitioners of judo C)The summer Olympic Games are held every leap year D)Not only men, but also women and children are increasingly interested in judo E)Though they look similar, it is important to distinguish between wrestling and judo 86-…………… . This is attained by freeing oneself from all desires. It is the goal of Buddhist religious exercises and disciplines and is seen to be complete happiness, free from pain and suffering and from the restlessness and heat of emotions. The complete attainment of Nirvana is supposed to free the individual from the chain of reincarnation. A)Most religions require great discipline from their followers B)The history of Tibetan Buddhism can be divided into three periods C)Buddhism is unique among religions in a number of ways D)Complete happiness is the aim of many religions E)For Buddhists, Nirvana represents perfect peace 87-CPR is the modern term for artificial respiration. It is only required when the victim has suffered a loss of breathing or heartbeat. The first step in determining whether breathing and heartbeat have stopped is to go to the victim and shout, 'Are you okay?' …………. . Still, the person who doesn't reply may only have fainted, so, as the second step. you should continue by listening for breathing to make sure whether CPR is necessary. A)Lastly check the persons pulse rate B) Place the victim on a hard, flat surface in order to administer CPR C)C9ntinue to administer CPR until a doctor can take over from you D)If you get an answer to this, then obviously, the person is not in need of CPR E)If there is no reply, CPR is required and should be administered immediately 88-The Ice Age is our 'most recent' geological period, beginning about 2 million years ago and lasting until about 10 or 20 thousand years ago. During this time, great continental glaciers formed in North America and Northern Europe. ………… . In fact, the ice advanced and retreated at least four times, alternating with mild intervals. A)Many mammals became extinct in this era B)However, the climate was not uniformly cold C)No explanation has been generally accepted D)It is also known as the Pleistocene period E)Manhattan Island was a rock moved by glaciers 89-Recently there has been a revolution in the attitude of blue-marlin fishermen. Put simply, blue-marlin fishing is no longer a blood sport. ………., because they don't kill the fish any more. It is enough for them just to tag a marlin: reeling it close, marking it and putting it back into the water, in order to fight another day. A) Earnest Hemingway was extremely fond of blue-marlin fishing B) Fishermen rarely seek an obligatory photo beside their dead fish hooked up over the dock C) Only the rich indulge in blue-marlin fishing because of the time and expense involved D) In Britain, blood sports attract almost as many protectors as hunters E) Some people say that an instinct for hunting has been handed down to us by our ancestors. 90-In rural Albania, it can be easier to find heavy artillery than to find a telephone. Therefore, when a quick-thinking villager needed to call the police to the scene of an accident, he used what was handy. ……….The police appreciated his idea enough not to arrest him. They did, however, take away the gun. A)This points out just how convenient It can be to have a mobile telephone B)It was lucky that there happened to be a telephone nearby C)There is a great deal of weaponry left over from the days when Albania was invaded D)This happened to be his very own anti-aircraft gun E)There are not very many police, either, in rural Albania 91-Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, the youngest child of the author Nathaniel Hawthorne, also began a literary career, publishing several works. …………… . Under her leadership, two homes for sufferers of incurable cancer were opened in New York. A)She wrote 'A Story of Courage' with her husband in 1894 B)Rose spent an enjoyable childhood with all the pleasures of refined surroundings C)She married George P. Lathrop in 1871 D)Her father wrote the renowned novel, 'The Scarlet Letter' E)But later, she became a nun, devoting her life to caring for the terminally ill 92-In recent years, there has been an advance in the technique known as transplant surgery. This means the replacement of a diseased or damaged part of the body by a healthy one from another person. ………… . This is because our bodies' natural defence against any invader, as with a transplanted organ, is to attempt to destroy it. A) People can now carry "organ donor" cards, giving permission for their organs to be used after their death B)The biggest stumbling block in this area of medicine, however, has been the body itself C)There are even transplants from certain animals to humans D)Occasionally, there are moving stories of parents who donate their organs to their dying children E)Only a few years ago, no one would have believed this possible 93-Margarine was introduced into the United States in 1874 and immediately aroused the opposition of the dairy industry. Taxes were imposed on the substance; in some states, yellow-coloured margarine could not be sold; and federal laws required, among other strict rules, that restaurants serving margarine post a conspicuous notice of that fact. ……………, and now Americans eat as much margarine as butter. A)However, the consumption of margarine has grown B)Later types of margarine used animal fats and vegetable oils C)Laws vary from state to state, but serious crimes are referred to as federal crimes D)Whale oil was used originally for lamp fuel and later as an ingredient of other products E)However rapid societal changes created a demand for fast food restaurants 94-Medgar Evers was the first field secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People in the state of Mississippi. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he registered black voters and organised boycotts of firms that practised racial discrimination. ………….. . A white supremacist, Byron De la Beckwith was tried three times for the murder. The first two trials ended in a mistrial but he was finally convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1994. A)In 1963, he was shot and killed by a sniper in front of his home B)Of the total population of Mississippi, thirty-five percent is black C)In that same year, more than 200,000 blacks and whites marched to the Lincoln Memorial D)Racial segregation in South Africa is known as apartheid E)Abraham Lincoln effectively freed all slaves in the Emancipation Proclamation 95-It is a windy, clear afternoon on the Gulf of Mexico, 70 miles out from the Texas coast. The water is dull, grey and choppy. The crew are dozing over plates of half eaten mangoes. Suddenly a road bends………… . The fight is on. After 30 minutes of physical to and fro, the sailfish kicks hard and snaps the line. A cheer goes up as big game fishing is not about who wins, but about the fight. A)Mangoes are a delicious tropical fruit, especially good when eaten on a boat B)Two members of the crew begin to quarrel over the mangoes C)A big sailfish punches out of the water, spreads its blue sail fin and shoots back under the water D)One of the fastest fishes is the sailfish, which can swim at speeds of up to 68 miles per hour E)Not surprisingly, they all hate sharks and are eager to kill this one 96-Millions of years ago, there was no life on this planet. ……….. . It was just a ball of flaming gases. These gases were in a state of considerable chemical turmoil, reacting together to form and reform chemicals. As time passed the gases cooled, became liquid, and eventually a thin crust was formed over the surface. Beneath this crust, the centre of the Earth was, and remains today, a molten mass of rocks and metals with a solid core. A)In fact, there was no planet as we would recognise it today B)Even after life appeared, it was a long time until humans first evolved C)The first life forms appeared in water D)There may have been one more planet at the time, which has now become the asteroid belt E)Even now no one knows if there is life on other planets 97-A super liner like the Queen Elizabeth II, or QE2 for short, contains all the elements of a floating town with a population of about 3000. The QE2 can take 2025 passengers, and has a crew of 906, who maintain the ship and look after the passengers. There are restaurants, a theatre, cinema, and four swimming pools. ……….. . All this is driven by engines producing 110.000 horse power, giving her a top speed of 30 knots, nearly twice the speed of a super tanker. A)For a time, super liners were thought to be outdated, but now they seem to be making a come-back B)Passengers on the Queen Elisabeth II can visit a lot of ports all over the world C)In addition, there is a hospital, a dentist's surgery and a printing plant for the ship's daily newspaper D)Of Course some people prefer to travel by plane because it is faster and cheaper E)Under international law, powered vessels of more than 300 gross tons must carry licensed officers 98-Serendib, as the early Arab seamen called the island we know today as Sri Lanka, may have been the land in one version of Sinbad's Seventh Voyage. In that story, Sinbad was captured by pirates and sold into slavery to an ivory dealer. ……….. . Eventually the elephants showed Sinbad their secret graveyard, so he could obtain the ivory without killing them. A)Slavery was common until this century and is still practised in some parts of the world today B)Elephants are said to have amazing memories C)The ivory trade has decimated the once vast herds of elephants in East Africa D)The man forced Sinbad to go into the forest every day and kill an elephant for its tusks E)Though Sinbad is usually described as a "sailor", it would be more correct to call him a "merchant adventurer" 99-………….. . Smokers who we trying to give up were split into two groups. One group was given acupuncture, specially designed to help them stop smoking. Of this group, 31% had given up smoking after three weeks, while none of the people in the second control group succeeded in giving up. A)Many strange techniques are tried by people attempting to give up smoking B)Smoking is one of the most serious addictions and is very hard to beat C)Many doctors are now trying to help their patients to give up smoking D)Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves the use of needles E)New research has shown that acupuncture can help people stop smoking 100-Viruses are even smaller than bacteria, and are the simplest known forms of life. ………… . They live as parasites in bacteria, animals and some plants, Viruses invade the cells of their hosts and simply take them over. The DNA in the virus takes over the DNA in the host cell and changes the instructions so that the host produces more viruses. There are a large number of diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles and smallpox. A)We use friendly bacteria to make yoghurt and cheese B)They are not able to live by themselves C)Some tulips have a virus infection in their petals which gives them an attractive colour D)Antibacterial drugs are obtained from living organisms E)Modern vaccines may contain bacteria or viruses which are dead, or still alive but weakened 101-Born in St Lucia in 1930, Derek Walcott and his twin brother Roderick were brought up by their mother, a schoolteacher, …………….. . Derek attended school in Jamaica and studied theatre in New York, then returned to the Caribbean to found and direct the Trinidad Theatre Workshop in 1959. In addition to having published 18 volumes of poetry, he wrote 40 plays and several screenplays. In 1992, he won the Nobel prise for literature. A)so almost all literature has been produced by descendants of people brought to the region as slaves B)since the 1950s, a large number of people have emigrated from the Caribbean to Britain C)however, the Caribbean is better-known for cricket than for literary figures D)whereas sugar and rum are the main agricultural products of the region E)because their father, an amateur poet and painter, died when they were a year old 102-………….. . It was designed and built during World War II to break the complex code used between the German High Command and front-line forces. The first model was demonstrated at Blectcley Park, the British forces intelligence centre, in December 1943, with a faster version in operation by June1944, days before D Day. Historians believe that the code-breaking made possible by Colossus shortened the war by two years. A)The tank has become one of the most formidable weapons of ground warfare B)The Spitfire is probably the most famous plane of the Second World War C)The first electronic programmable computer was called Colossus D)The code-breaking work carried out at Bletchley Park has become a British legend E)The “Goon Show" was one of the most popular radio comedy shows of post-war Britain 103-As a book collector, you should limit your interest to certain genres, themes or nationalities of authors. For example, science fiction, Russian literature, cinema books or books on World War I. ………… . Subsequent editions, on the other hand, generally have little value, and editions issued by book clubs are worthless. A)Choose the first topic that comes into your mind B)Normally, the most valuable books are first editions C)Perhaps science fiction books are the most valuable D)Books need protection from humidity and dryness E)Modern books can be found almost everywhere now 104-Climatologists predict that a doubling of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere will occur over the next l00years. ………. . This is an average rate much higher than at any time in the last 10,000 years. A)Likewise, a drop in the ability to handle the effects of these chemicals may occur B)However, other scientists foresee a much greater increase in nitrous oxide C)It might not produce any noticeable effect on the global environmental situation D)The level of these gases could become a serious threat to all known forms of life E)This would lead to a rise in the Earth's temperature between 1 and 3.5 degrees 105-The number of people who go to the cinema has declined since the great days of Hollywood in the 1930s and '40s. The most likely cause is the ever-growing population of television. ……….. . Perhaps this reviving interest is because the cinema today is truly international, with films being made and distributed all over the world, and reflecting many different interests and cultures. A)There is new evidence to show that the cinema audience is gradually returning, though B)The most famous producer of the time was Samuel Goldwin C)Colour films were first made in the late 193Os, the most famous of which is undoubtedly "Gone with the Wind" D)The stars of those days like Clark Gable and mien Leigh, still fascinate us decades later E)Thus the largest film industry today is not in Hollywood, but in Bombay 106-One of the biggest factors affecting the pattern of trade has been the creation of the European Community and other similar groups of trading countries. These have been designed to make it easier and cheaper to move goods about within the group…………., which is a kind of tax that countries charge on goods coming into the country. This makes goods imported from outside the group more expensive than goods from within the group. A)Many additional jobs were created when the European Community established its headquarters in Brussels B)Another example is ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations C)The main way this is done is by the member countries agreeing to a common external tariff D)NATO is completely different because it is a purely military grouping E)European Community citizens can move about freely between the member countries 107-Alien Ginsberg, who died in 1997 in New York, formed the Beat Generation of the 1950s along with William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. Ginsberg first captured public attention in 1956 with 'Howl', a long poem that raged against a conformist society. ………… . These non-conformist activities para1el his work, for which he drew his inspiration from yoga, Buddhism, Native American mysticism, and Torah, and U.S. poets like William Carlos Williams. A)He was active in both the hippie and anti-war movements B)Some people consider them to have been the forerunners of the hippies C)It was the Vietnam. War that brought about the counter-cultural movement known as the hippies D)Rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones all joined in the counter-culture movement E)Burroughs and Kerouac were novelists 108-Captain Matthew Webb swam the English Channel from Dover to Calais, ……….. . For 22 hours, he swam the high seas. Although he lived to tell about it, he was not so lucky eight years later, when he drowned trying to swim the Niagara River. A)becoming the first person to do so without a life Jacket B)while sitting aboard a 75-foot French-made yacht C)unfortunately, he had a fatal accident on the return trip to Calais D)and managed to accomplish this in less than half a day E)eight years before a similar achievement on the Niagara River 109-Luigi Galvani was an Italian physiologist who investigated the relationship between electrical currents and animal tissue. ........, and so is the galvanometer, an instrument which is used to detect and measure electrical currents. A)He invented the first practical electrical switches B)The verb “galvanize" is derived from his name C)He was arrested for animal cruelty in 1798 D)He learnt how electricity is related to nerves E)The Catholic Church condemned Galvani's activities 110-........ . Very occasionally it can get completely out of control, as it did in Germany in the 192Os, when people had to take baskets ¤¤¤¤ of notes to buy a loaf of bread. In China in the 1930s, people eating in restaurants always paid before they ate, in case the price of the meal rose as they were eating. Today, no place in the world is quite that bad, but inflation can be a serious problem for people on fixed incomes, like those living on a pension. A)A police state is one in which democracy does not exist and people have few or no personal freedoms B)"Deflation", the opposite of inflation, refers to a fall in prices, but is a very unusual situation C)There are several examples in history of completely militarised societies D)A situation where prices keep rising is called "inflation" E)Money has no value in itself; it is only valuable as a medium of exchange 111-People once thought that the Earth was flat and that you could fall off the edge. Most of us now think of the planet as a sphere, although it is more accurately described as an "oblate spheroid", being flattened at the poles and bulging at the Equator. …………. . On the other hand, unlike an onion, each layer of the Earth is made of a different material. A)Though this flattening and bulging can be measured. it cannot be seen from a spacecraft B)It is quite useful to think of the Earth, as being rather like an onion, that is, a ball made of different layers C)The Earth is sometimes compared to an onion, but onions tend to be pointed rather than flattened at the "poles" D)A lemon, for example, is just the opposite shape from that of the Earth E)If you were to slice the Earth down the middle, it would not, in fact, look anything like an onion 112-When there are too many predators, not enough resources and a great deal of competition, an animal population dies .............. . This can be just as bad. Such a population explosion happened when the brown tree snake arrived on Guam in the cargo of a military plane 50 years ago. The ecosystem was not ready for the reptilian assault, and the snake had no natural competitors or enemies there. As a result, virtually every songbird on Guam has been eaten by the snakes. A)A number of species have become extinct within living memory B)But when the opposite occurs, the population explodes C)No one likes to see an animal population die out D)Mankind can help protect endangered species E)This sort of pattern is often found in small environments like islands 113-Once upon a time in Britain, food was something you simply ate. Industrialised early, Britain became a country of cities and factories well before the continent, and Britons got used to eating from tins. In the 40s and 50s, 15 years of war rations solidified the tradition. Food was eaten, but it was not talked about. ……….. . Food has become a national obsession. A)It will probably always be that way B)We know from novels that the British ate more interesting things before the industrial age C)Nevertheless, English cheeses are not as bad D)Most people feel that the less said about English food, the better E)However, now the British seem to talk about nothing else. 114-Niagara Falls, on the Canada-USA border, must be one of the most photographed spots in the world. ……… . The Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the border is much the larger of the two. As the name indicates, it is a large semicircle. The American Falls, slightly higher than the Horseshoe Falls, is almost in a straight line. Nineteen times as much water flows over the Canadian falls as over the American ones. A)People have gone over Niagara Falls in a barrel as a stunt B)One reason is that it is a favourite honeymoon spot C)It is actually two separate waterfalls D)The border between the US and Canada is said to be the longest unguarded border in the world E)Some scientists are worried about the effects of erosion on the falls 115-A mineral can be regarded as a solid material with a fixed chemical composition and having elements that are similar throughout. This is how minerals differ from rocks. ……….. . Granite, for example, is made up mostly of three minerals - quartz, feldspar and mica. These three minerals, however, are not always present in the same quantities. A)Minerals always have the same composition and structure, while rocks are usually made up of a mixture of minerals B)It is particularly interesting to note that about half the Earth's crust is made up of oxygen C)Except for agricultural products, most of our raw materials come from minerals found in rocks D)One of the first things you might notice about a mineral is its colour, though this can be misleading E)Analysing such bodies as meteorites, we find that the Earth is probably largely made up of iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium in that order