Verb Moods (Tenses)

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:37

About the Imperative Mood

This form of the verb is used mainly for giving direct orders, requests, suggestions and in some cases warnings, or even a mixture of all these to a second person. Some examples in English might be:

Look at that (you). (order)
Don't (you) leave your valuables in the car. (suggestion)
Bring me another fork please. (request)
Take us to Taksim Square. (order)
(You) Be careful in the traffic. (warning)
The Imperative does not seem so abrupt in Turkish as it is in English, and it would be difficult to upset anyone when using the Imperative

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:42

Vowel harmony operates on the Imperative Suffixes.

The Imperative has no form in the first person singular or plural.

The second person singular (Familiar and Immediate - for addressing friends or showing urgency) is just the basic verb stem after removing the Infinitive Sign -mek or -mak

The third person singular adds -sin directly to the verb stem.

There are two forms of the second person plural - Formal (addressing strangers or being polite) adds -in to the verb stem and Public (for notices etc. or being extra polite) adds -iniz to the verb stem.

The third person plural add -sinler directly to the verb stem - as in the examples below

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:42

Singular Persons

1st. (lacking)
2nd. gel - come (you)..! (familiar)
3rd. gelsin - let him come..!

Plural Persons

1st. (lacking)
2nd. gelin (formal) or geliniz (public and more polite) - (you) come..!
3rd. gelsinler - let them come..!

The Imperative form of - gitmemek - not to go

1st. (lacking)
2nd. gitme - don't go (you)..! (familiar)
3rd. gitmesin - let him not go..!

Plural Persons

1st. (lacking)
2nd. gitmeyin (formal) or gitmeyiniz (public and more polite) - (you) do not go..!
3rd. gitmesinler - let them not go..!

Of course Vowel Harmony operates on the Imperative Suffixes:

Some Examples showing Vowel Harmony

görsün - let him see..!
alın - Take (you)..!
bulsunlar - let them find..!
bulmasınlar - let them not find..!
onu yapmayın - Don't do it (you)..!
gülünüz - Laugh (you)..!

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:43

Direct Imperative

The most direct form uses the basic verb stem itself formed by dropping the -mek or -mak suffix from the Infinitive.

Positive Verb (Direct Form) Bakmak - to look

Bak - Look!

Negative Verb (Direct Form) Bakmamak - not to look

Bakma - Don't look!

Positive Verb (Direct Form)Gelmek - to come

Gel - Come!

Negative Verb (Direct Form)Gelmemek - not to come

Gelme - Don't come!

*This is the most direct form, it is usually used to children or for warnings and in some daily "Formula Speak"

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:43

Polite Imperative....

If, however, you are speaking to someone that you do not know then the direct form is softened by the addition of the suffix -in which is subject to vowel harmony. Then the above examples thus become:

Positive Verb (Polite Form)

Bakın - Look!

Gelin - Come!

Negative Verb (Polite Form)

Bakmayın - Don't look!

Gelmeyin - Don't come!

*This Polite Form is used for addressing one person or a number of people in a group.

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:43

Public Imperative

This form is characterised by the addition of the suffix -iniz in its various forms. It is used mainly in Public Notices and signs and also in newspapers and on the television. The examples then become:

Positive Verb (Public Form)

Bakınız - Look!

Gelininiz - Come!

Negative Verb (Public Form)

Bakmayınız - Don't look!

Gelmeyiniz - Don't come!

*
The Public Form is the most polite of all, and can also be used in direct conversation if you wish to be extra polite.

In all the above forms the Negative Particle -me or -ma always remains in it absolute form - ( it does not close to -mi or -mı etc.) and the Verb Stem is always accented in speech.

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:44

Third Person Imperative - Let him do.. let him not do..

About the 3rd Person Imperative - Generally

The Imperative Mood is used in issuing commands. It is formed by using the verb in its simplest, unconjugated form: Listen!..., Sit!..., Eat!....

The Imperative Mood in English occurs only in the second person, and the subject - you - is generally not expressly stated, because it is implied.

When the speaker gives a command regarding anyone else, it is still directed at the second person as though it were a request for permission, although it may be a rhetorical statement.

1. Let me do the talking.
2. Let us build a bridge.
3. Give him an allowance.
4. Let sleeping dogs lie.
Turkish is similar as it also uses the second person endings -sin/-sın/-sün/-sun and its plural forms -sinler/-sınlar/-sünler/-sunlar as a request for the third person imperative by attaching this suffix directly to the Verb stem (ie. there are no tense signs like -iyor- or -ar etc.. used)

baksın - let him look
bakmasın - let him not look
girsin - let him enter
girsinler - let them not enter

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:44

Formation of the Third Person Imperative.

Finally there is a third person form of verbs which is in wide use - especially in "formula speak". This is formed by adding -sin (singular) or -sinler (plural) directly to the basic verb stem:

olmak - to become, to happen
olsun - let it be
olmasın - let it not be
koşmak - to run - Singular Forms
koşsun - let him run
koşmasın - let him not run
koşmak - to run - Plural Forms
koşsunlar - let them run
koşmasınlar - let them not run
While in the Hamam - (Turkish Bath) you might say - Keseci gelsin - Lit: Let the masseur come - I am ready for the masseur

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:45

The Third Person Imperative ending is added directly to the verb stem - Yazsın - Let him write... - but if it is added to a tense sign as in - yazıyorsun - then it is the Second Person tense sign - You are writing...
Don't get mixed up.!

Some "formula speak" examples:

Geçmiş olsun - May it pass (from you)....
A formula used to people who are ill - ie: Get better soon.. - or to people who have had an accident or encountered a problem in life - ie: Bad luck ...

Kolay gelsin - May it come easy... Take it easy...
This is usally said to people who are carrying out a duty or their work..

Neden olmasın? - Why let it not be?
This is the same as - Why not...? - in English - See note below:

Note: I used to say - Neden yok - for - Why not..? - until it was pointed out to me the this actually means - There is no reason.........!

**SERDEM** · 09.09.08, 09:45

More About "Formula Speak"

There are many other Formula Speak with this aspect of the verb in daily use in Turkey and a good dictionary or phrase book will always contain them.

As the barber might say to you when he has finished cutting your hair - Sıhhatler olsun! - Good health to you..! - said to one who is having a bath, a haircut or a shave...

I think this is most known expression which is used wrongly by a lot of people. It should be - Sıhhatler olsun. Sıhhat - is the Arabic for - Sağlık. When people say this expression quickly, it sounds like - Saatler olsun But it should definitely be - Sıhhatler olsun!

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09.09.08, 09:42	#2 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	Formation of the Imperative.... Vowel harmony operates on the Imperative Suffixes. The Imperative has no form in the first person singular or plural. The second person singular (Familiar and Immediate - for addressing friends or showing urgency) is just the basic verb stem after removing the Infinitive Sign -mek or -mak The third person singular adds -sin directly to the verb stem. There are two forms of the second person plural - Formal (addressing strangers or being polite) adds -in to the verb stem and Public (for notices etc. or being extra polite) adds -iniz to the verb stem. The third person plural add -sinler directly to the verb stem - as in the examples below

09.09.08, 09:42	#3 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	The Imperative form of - gelmek - to come.... Singular Persons 1st. (lacking) 2nd. gel - come (you)..! (familiar) 3rd. gelsin - let him come..! Plural Persons 1st. (lacking) 2nd. gelin (formal) or geliniz (public and more polite) - (you) come..! 3rd. gelsinler - let them come..! The Imperative form of - gitmemek - not to go 1st. (lacking) 2nd. gitme - don't go (you)..! (familiar) 3rd. gitmesin - let him not go..! Plural Persons 1st. (lacking) 2nd. gitmeyin (formal) or gitmeyiniz (public and more polite) - (you) do not go..! 3rd. gitmesinler - let them not go..! Of course Vowel Harmony operates on the Imperative Suffixes: Some Examples showing Vowel Harmony görsün - let him see..! alın - Take (you)..! bulsunlar - let them find..! bulmasınlar - let them not find..! onu yapmayın - Don't do it (you)..! gülünüz - Laugh (you)..!

09.09.08, 09:43	#4 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	The Imperative in detail.... Direct Imperative The most direct form uses the basic verb stem itself formed by dropping the -mek or -mak suffix from the Infinitive. Positive Verb (Direct Form) Bakmak - to look Bak - Look! Negative Verb (Direct Form) Bakmamak - not to look Bakma - Don't look! Positive Verb (Direct Form)Gelmek - to come Gel - Come! Negative Verb (Direct Form)Gelmemek - not to come Gelme - Don't come! *This is the most direct form, it is usually used to children or for warnings and in some daily "Formula Speak"

09.09.08, 09:44	#7 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	Third Person Imperative - Let him do.. let him not do.. Third Person Imperative - Let him do.. let him not do.. About the 3rd Person Imperative - Generally The Imperative Mood is used in issuing commands. It is formed by using the verb in its simplest, unconjugated form: Listen!..., Sit!..., Eat!.... The Imperative Mood in English occurs only in the second person, and the subject - you - is generally not expressly stated, because it is implied. When the speaker gives a command regarding anyone else, it is still directed at the second person as though it were a request for permission, although it may be a rhetorical statement. 1. Let me do the talking. 2. Let us build a bridge. 3. Give him an allowance. 4. Let sleeping dogs lie. Turkish is similar as it also uses the second person endings -sin/-sın/-sün/-sun and its plural forms -sinler/-sınlar/-sünler/-sunlar as a request for the third person imperative by attaching this suffix directly to the Verb stem (ie. there are no tense signs like -iyor- or -ar etc.. used) baksın - let him look bakmasın - let him not look girsin - let him enter girsinler - let them not enter

09.09.08, 09:43	#5 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	Polite Imperative.... If, however, you are speaking to someone that you do not know then the direct form is softened by the addition of the suffix -in which is subject to vowel harmony. Then the above examples thus become: Positive Verb (Polite Form) Bakın - Look! Gelin - Come! Negative Verb (Polite Form) Bakmayın - Don't look! Gelmeyin - Don't come! *This Polite Form is used for addressing one person or a number of people in a group.

09.09.08, 09:43	#6 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	Public Imperative This form is characterised by the addition of the suffix -iniz in its various forms. It is used mainly in Public Notices and signs and also in newspapers and on the television. The examples then become: Positive Verb (Public Form) Bakınız - Look! Gelininiz - Come! Negative Verb (Public Form) Bakmayınız - Don't look! Gelmeyiniz - Don't come! * The Public Form is the most polite of all, and can also be used in direct conversation if you wish to be extra polite. In all the above forms the Negative Particle -me or -ma always remains in it absolute form - ( it does not close to -mi or -mı etc.) and the Verb Stem is always accented in speech.

09.09.08, 09:44	#8 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	Formation of the Third Person Imperative. Formation of the Third Person Imperative. Finally there is a third person form of verbs which is in wide use - especially in "formula speak". This is formed by adding -sin (singular) or -sinler (plural) directly to the basic verb stem: olmak - to become, to happen olsun - let it be olmasın - let it not be koşmak - to run - Singular Forms koşsun - let him run koşmasın - let him not run koşmak - to run - Plural Forms koşsunlar - let them run koşmasınlar - let them not run While in the Hamam - (Turkish Bath) you might say - Keseci gelsin - Lit: Let the masseur come - I am ready for the masseur

09.09.08, 09:45	#9 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	The Third Person Imperative ending is added directly to the verb stem - Yazsın - Let him write... - but if it is added to a tense sign as in - yazıyorsun - then it is the Second Person tense sign - You are writing... Don't get mixed up.! Some "formula speak" examples: Geçmiş olsun - May it pass (from you).... A formula used to people who are ill - ie: Get better soon.. - or to people who have had an accident or encountered a problem in life - ie: Bad luck ... Kolay gelsin - May it come easy... Take it easy... This is usally said to people who are carrying out a duty or their work.. Neden olmasın? - Why let it not be? This is the same as - Why not...? - in English - See note below: Note: I used to say - Neden yok - for - Why not..? - until it was pointed out to me the this actually means - There is no reason.........!

09.09.08, 09:45	#10 (permalink)
Kullanıcı Profili SERDEM S.Moderators Kullanıcı Bilgileri Üyelik tarihi: Mar 2008 Mesajlar: 7.687 Konular: 6910 Puan Grafiği Rep Puanı:11076 Rep Gücü:20 RD: Teşekkür Ettiği Teşekkür: 47 464 Mesajına 935 Kere Teşekkür Edlidi :	More About "Formula Speak" There are many other Formula Speak with this aspect of the verb in daily use in Turkey and a good dictionary or phrase book will always contain them. As the barber might say to you when he has finished cutting your hair - Sıhhatler olsun! - Good health to you..! - said to one who is having a bath, a haircut or a shave... I think this is most known expression which is used wrongly by a lot of people. It should be - Sıhhatler olsun. Sıhhat - is the Arabic for - Sağlık. When people say this expression quickly, it sounds like - Saatler olsun But it should definitely be - Sıhhatler olsun!

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